Using ‘Amazon’ was meant as shorthand for some form of digital marketplace.

Using sustainable methods to produce bio-methane and bio-methanol in place of fossil fuel derived versions, helps reduce the total amount of fossil fuels circulating in the industrial plastics industry and, therefore, the extent to which emissions are generated.. A study by Gabrielli et al, investigating the benefits of carbon capture, used the visual below to show how each system works and how the captured carbon is being reused (Figure 1)..Figure 1: via Gabrielli et al: illustrating a comparison of ‘business as usual’ chemical production against CCS and CCU via direct air capture with carbon storage (DACCS) techniques.

Also illustrated is a biomass-based option.. 4.Difficulties with Carbon Capture.There are limitations with these carbon capture methods, however, as CCS by itself isn’t enough to bring us to the designated targets for the industry.

CCU is the better of the two methods to take meaningful steps towards carbon neutrality, as it puts the carbon to use straight away with less risk of it escaping.The issue with these methods is that there is still work to be done on the technology and estimations for using the captured carbon in directly transforming it into hydrocarbons.. A good measure to show how close a technology is to being used is the technology readiness level (TRL).

This is a scale of 1-9, where 1 is the concept and 9 is a system ready to be implemented.

At the time of writing, the TRL for carbon capture is still relatively low, at 7 in the validation stage.Technical Circular.

(2/2020) which sets out a range of government projects for which MiC adoption will be mandatory.Early adopter projects in Hong Kong have had some success with MiC although so far this has been limited to particular building types, primarily social and elderly housing.

A range of other projects are in development, however Hong Kong remains a comparatively small market which makes it challenging to scale up a modular supply chain.There is huge production capacity available in neighbouring mainland China but Hong Kong’s building regulations limit available supply sources.. Hong Kong has an aging construction workforce but is well situated to take advantage of the industrial capability already present in the Greater Bay Area.